Pacific Asia travel Association (PATA)

Pacific Asia travel Association (PATA): Pacific Asia Association (PASTA) was founded as a non –profit organization. Its objective was to develop, promote and facilities travel to and among the many pacific destinations. The concept of the association was to ensure maximum benefits from concept was founded by Lorrain Thurston, a leading newspaper publisher of Honolulu. His concept of the association was the certain of fresh opportunities and to gain maximum benefits from existing opportunities through milti-media. PATA's first conference was held in January 1952 in Honolulu with 44 Founding Members. Its headquarters was established in san Francisco, USA in 1953. Since 2001c its headquarters has been shifted to Bangkok. Europe office is based in London and Asia office was opened in Manila Philippines in 1976. Regional officers are located at Frankfurt, Singapore and Sydney.
The objective of the Association is to provide the meeting point \for the people involved in different aspects of the travel trade from a large number of countries. It focuses attention on travel opportunity in number of countries and builds up great awareness and specific contacts among the countries.

World Tourism Organization (WTO)

World Tourism Organization (WTO):-The rapid development of world tourism necessitated the certain of international tourism organization at government level and world tourism Organization was its results. Legally it came into existence on January 2, 1975 with its headquarter in Madrid, Spain. The organization is the transformation of International Union of Official travel Organization (IUOTO). The IUOTO established in 1947 was represented by national tourists organization from different countries. Later the union could not fulfill the demand and need of modern tourism and as a result WTO was established at government level.
WTO's membership includes 139 countries and territory and more than 350 Affiliated Members representing local government, tourism associations. There are three categories of members. Full members are the Associated Members and Affiliated members. Full members are the sovereign states, associate members are the territories of group of territories and affiliated members are international bodies, both inter-governmental and non-governmental concerned with tourism and whose activities are related to aims of WTO.

International Civil Aviation Organization

International Civil Aviation Organization: The technological achievement attained especially in the field of aviation brought completely a new meaning to travel and tourism. Aviation made it possible for an increasing number of people to travel to far away places which were regarded as being almost inaccessible.
The increased number of air transport and involvement of private airlines and their marketing tools initiated the need of rules and regulations. The most important factor to regulate flights is security. Concerned Governments of the individual countries manage their airport and air transport system through Civil Aviation Department. The department regulates airport. Its private airlines operational permit, security, landing and take off permits required for international flights. But international travel involves more than one country. So there must be common operational system between the countries involved in it.
Nowadays more than 162 member countries are enjoying the benefits of its cooperation. ICAO is a general assembly represented by the governments of the member countries. To perform the daily routine works a council is elected after 3 years. The council is made of 30 elected countries including a secretary. The elected secretary manages the overall functioning of the Organization including five departments:
1. Air Navigation bureau.
2. Air transport Bureau.
3. The technical Assistance Bureau.
4. The Legal Bureau.
5. The Bureau of Administration and rules.

About Godabari, Nagarkot and Dhulikhel

About Godabari, Nagarkot and Dhulikhel.
Godabari:- Situated at the foot of Pulchoki. It is a nice spot . there are the Royal Botanical Garden. The Royal Department of Medical Plants, Greenhouse and fish frames. The garden has a nice collection of Lilly ponda, fishing streams and beds of seasonal flowers, orchids, frames and cactus. A clear water spring emerges from a cave known as Godavari Kunda which is believed to have magical power, visited by hundreds of thousands of pilgrims every 12 years.
Nagarkot:- A32 km east drive kathmandu at the altitude of 2,175 is Nagarkot. The ridge offers possibly the best display of the Himalayan including Sagarmatha and many others like Manaslu, Ganesh, lantang, Gaurishankar. Visitors are recommended to stay there overnight to enjoy the sunset and sunrise.
Dhulikhel:- A scenic 30 km drive along the terraced paddy rice field the Ariniko Highway leads to Dhulikhel , at an altitude of 16000\ m. This place is famous for its vantage location for viewing the Himalayan range popular for viewing sunrise and sunset and for serence atmosphere free from the smoke and bustle of the Kathmandu city. It is better to stay overnight in one of the beautiful lodges to enjoy sunset, and sunrise the next day.

Special attraction of Nepal

Special attraction of Nepal.
Nepal is very famous for Art and crafts. The artists of Nepal expressed their skill in different metal, paintining and in wood. Most of the art express religions feeling. Here are some works skilled.
v Metal.
v Panting
v Masks.
v Stone Carving.
v Wood Craving.
v Museums and Art Galleries.
v The Museum of Natural History.
v National Library.
v The Nepal Association of Fine Arts (NAFA).
v Patan Museun.
v Education and study.
v Pilgrimages and Religions Places.

Word Heritage Sites – UNESCO
· Kathmandu Durbar square.
· Patan Durbar square.
· Bhaktpur Durbar square.
· Chngunarayan.
· Swayambhunath.
· Pasupatinath.
· Boudhanath.
· Chitwan National park.
· Sagarmatha National Park.
· Lumbini.

About Lumbini

About Lumbini
Lumbini, the birthplace of Loard Buddha , is situated 250 km south- west of Kathmandu or 30 km away from Bhirahawa. A stone pillar known as 'Asoka Pillar' was erected in 249 BC by Indian Emperor Asoka, proclaimed that the Buddha was born there. Lumbini's status as a garden of peace has been recognized by the world and different countries and trusts are undertaking it's development. The most important part of Lumbini is the temple of Maya Devi. It is has a stone image of Maya Devi giving birth to Loard Buddha as she holds onto a branch. To the south of the temple is a pool where Queen Divi is said to have bathed and given her son his first purification bath.
Around an hour drive north-west from Lumbini reaches the interesting archeological site of Tilaurikot. This has been identified as the ancient Kapilvastu, the capital of King Suddhodhan, Buddh's father, where Loard Buddha himself as Prince siddharth had spent the first 29 years of his life.

Travel Agency in Nepal:-
Travel Agency:- Travel agency is an axis of the tourism. The tourism activities revolve around the travel agency. The tourism is the result of the movement of the people from one place to another place and travel agencies generate the movement. So a travel agency is the tourism as a brain in human body. A mad person can services built but his action, thinking and behavior will have no joint effort. No planning and no programming. We cannot imagine tourism without travel agency because "tourism is the result of joint effort of the travel related jobs" and travel agency joins them together to from a travel industry. Without a travel agency a travel is possible but there may not be there.
Travel agents create trusts, security, confidence in the mind of tourists then only tourists travel for pleasure or they are able to enjoy during the travel, which is the basic principle of tourism.
The History of the travel agency is not very old. Thomas Cook first developed the idea of travel agency in 1841. He arranged a railway trip for 570 members of his society. He reserved the railway seats and sold them. This reservation and selling gave him a new idea that "service can be sold, people are ready to pay for service; service can be a product which can be sold and business can be run"

Travel Industries in Nepal:-
Introduction:- Nepal is a land located Himalayan kingdom with an area of 147181 sq. km lies in between two Asian giants: India and China. This is a rectangle of 885 kilometers long and in an average of 160 kilometers from north to south. Nepal is a country of amazing extremes. It is small in size but huge in terms of it's diversity from highest peaks of the earth to steaming jungle. Though it is a small country, it contain the greatest altitude variation of earth, from the lowland of Terai – barely 65 m above the sea level to the highest point on the earth, Mt Everest at 8848 km, within 150 km aerial distance has been well accepted as one of the most fascinating countries in the world.
The Himalayan range which runs from Pakistan through India, Nepal Bhutan is the longest Himalayan range in the world. One third of the total length of this Himalayan range lies in Nepal but this is the highest concentration of the tallest mountains. Here are the 8 mountains among the top 10 peaks and 1300 peaks above 600m. More than 200 peaks higher than 6000m lies in the around the Mt Everest region only Nepal is known as the third pole of the world. The people, rich cultural heritage, towering pagodas spectacular Himalayan ranges of this country have played an important role in recommending Nepal is an ultimate destination. Nepal has been rated as second of ethnic and topographical diversities.

Source of Income of Travel Agency

Source of Income of Travel Agency:-
To facilities the tour of travel is the objective a travel agency. For the purpose, they co-ordinate the travel related enterprises and customers. They develop the concept of pleasure of tour. They want to reward for the pleasure they provide.
A travel agent's sources of income are as follows:-
 Commission on Sale:- As a commission agent collects commission by sailing the principal's services such as hotel, airlines, transport.
 Commission on Services provided:- the travel agents collect commission from the customers on the facilities, services provided or by coordinating the customers and principals.
 Commission from Auxiliary:- The travel agency also earn auxiliary services provided as depends as insurance, travelers cheque, etc.
 Income Earned from Short- term Investment:- Travel agents may invest money received from his customers as deposits and earn profit.
 Profit from the sale of his Own Tours:- Many travel agencies operate their own tours such as sightseeing tour, excursions, hike, etc. and make profits.

National Parks

Some national parks are:-
Royal Chitwan Natiional Parks:-It is situated in subtropical low lands of the inner Terai called Chitwan which covers an area of 932 sq.km. The park has been declared as World Heritage site. The park is a home for one horned rhinoceros, huge numbers of Tiger, Gharial, Gigantic dolphin, ghaur, python are some void the extra features in the park. More than 450 species of birds are found in the peak. More than 70% of the park is covered by the sal forest and elephant grass and rest of the forest is covered by reverie.
National park has given permit to operate private resorts/lodge inside the park. They are temple Tiger, Island Jungles Resort, Tiger Tops jungle Lodge & camp. Chitwan Jungle Lodge and Machan Wild Life Camp (Guido Wild Life Camp is situated at the buffer zone). There are more than 100 resorts outside the a national park in Saura only
Sagarmatha National Park:-
The park, eith an area of 1148 sq.kms lies in the Khumbu region of Nepal including the highest mountains in the world, Mt Everest, Lhotse, Nuptse, Cho you, Ama Dablm. The park was include in the World in the World Heritage site in 1974. This geographically young and broken into deep gorges valleys. The park has vegetation like pine, fir, juniper, birch, redodendrons, scrubs alpine plants. The park is the residence to the Himalayan thar, ghoral musk deer, Himalayan black bear and snow leopard.

About Gorkha and Manakamana:

About Gorkha and Manakamana:
Gorkha:-The old Gorkha bazzarr is situated on the saddle of mountain looking down to the Madi river. The typical Nepali bazaar is famous for traditional local handicraft and world famous Khukari. The places of Shah dynasty and Annapurna on a hill top capturing scenic place and is a Manaslu, Lamjung and Annapurna Himals. It was a fort place and is a temple complex of Gorkha Kali and Gorkha Nath. It was built during region of king Ram Shah (1606 – 1636). The place and woodcarving are certainly outstanding examples of Nepali architecture.
Manakamana:- The temple of Manakamana lies stop a hill, It is a sleep three – hour from Abu Khaireni. Those who do not like walk can take cable car to reach the temple. The deity is one of the manifestation of the Goddess Bhogawat or Kali who is believed to have the power to fulfill wishes. It is one of the most popular pilligrimage sites in Nepal.

About kathmandu Valley.

About kathmandu Valley:- The Kathmandu valley has seven UNESCO world heritage diets which is more than any country to offer at a dingle spot. Within 650 sq.km it consists of three main cities of great historical and cultural interest – Kathmandu, patan and Bhakatapur, with old places and squares (Durbar Squares) and many small villages and suburbs like Changunarayan, Bungamati, Pasupati, Sankhu, and many more to count. Three Naths, (lords) – Boudhanatyh, Pasupatinath, and Swayambhunath, are very important religions places for both Hindus and Buddhists.
Kathmandu:- the capital of Nepal, is named after medieval pagoda "kasthamandapa" meaning wooden house. Here at Durbar Square, one can visit fascinating temples and bazaar it the area.
Swambhunath:- is regarded as one of the oldest Stupa in the world. It is said to be more than 2500 years old. The stupais also known as "Monkey Temple". The stupa perched on a sacred hilltop is surrounded with votive stupas, gilded peacocks. Taras, thunderbolt, Mandalas.

Some of the interesting facts about Nepal

The interesting facts are:
 One of the total length of Himalaya is in Nepal – 800 km. This is the most concentrated region of the tallest mountains – eight among the top ten mountains, more than 1300 peaks higher than 6000 m. About b200 peaks of over 6000 m. are in Everest region only.
 Between Dhaulagiri and Annapurna lies the worlds deepest gorge kali gandaki.
 Tilicho Lake situated at 5099 m. north of the Annapurna Himal is the lake at the highest elevation in this world.
 Altitudes range from 65 m to 8848 m within 150km of a horizontal distance, the greatest altitudential variation on this planet steepest Country.
 If all the surface areas of Nepal were made flit and filled in an open space, the total area would be equal to the Unite States.
 We have the highest number of birds in the world, which is equal to the whole continent of N. America or USA and Canada together; that is more than 848 species; that is 8% of the world's birds population
 Eleven of the 14 families of butterflies are found in Nepal. We have some butterflies with their length from wing about 1 ft probably the biggest butterflies of the world.
 Nepali wild bees are the biggest of this world. Nepal holds less than 0.1%, but 10% flora and fauna of the this world.
Nepal has more than 6,000 native flowering plants, that is2% of all the flowering plants in the world, 166 types of fungi. 687Algae, 740 mosses, and 450 Firms, 5,052 species of insects 185 species if fish 43 species of amphibians.
The interesting facts are:
 One of the total length of Himalaya is in Nepal – 800 km. This is the most concentrated region of the tallest mountains – eight among the top ten mountains, more than 1300 peaks higher than 6000 m. About b200 peaks of over 6000 m. are in Everest region only.
 Between Dhaulagiri and Annapurna lies the worlds deepest gorge kali gandaki.
 Tilicho Lake situated at 5099 m. north of the Annapurna Himal is the lake at the highest elevation in this world.
 Altitudes range from 65 m to 8848 m within 150km of a horizontal distance, the greatest altitudential variation on this planet steepest Country.
 If all the surface areas of Nepal were made flit and filled in an open space, the total area would be equal to the Unite States.
 We have the highest number of birds in the world, which is equal to the whole continent of N. America or USA and Canada together; that is more than 848 species; that is 8% of the world's birds population
 Eleven of the 14 families of butterflies are found in Nepal. We have some butterflies with their length from wing about 1 ft probably the biggest butterflies of the world.
 Nepali wild bees are the biggest of this world. Nepal holds less than 0.1%, but 10% flora and fauna of the this world.
Nepal has more than 6,000 native flowering plants, that is2% of all the flowering plants in the world, 166 types of fungi. 687Algae, 740 mosses, and 450 Firms, 5,052 species of insects 185 species if fish 43 species of amphibians.

Some other important places for trekking

Some other important places for trekking are;-
Barahi temple: It is built in the middle of Phewa Lake dedicated to the Goddess Ajima – the Grand Mother. The universal protector is the boar manifestation of Goddess Shakti. She is often worshiped with sacrifice of animals.
Sarangkot:
It is situated at 1500 meters which is a former fort of Kaski Kings. An early morning drive to watch the sunrise is the best recommended trip. Nowhere else in the world can one enjoy such a magnificent panorama up so close. Starting from Dhaulagiri in the extreme left, the view includes Annapurna south.
World Peace Pagoda:
A massive Buddhist stupa is situated on top of a hill in the southern shore of Lake. Besides being an impressive sight in itself, the shrine is a great bantage potent, which offers spectacular view of the Himalayas, Phewa Lake and Pokhara City.
Devi's Fall:
Locally known as Platale Chhango, is an awesome waterfall lying about 2km south - west of Pokhara airport on the highway to Tansen. The water is the drainage of the Phewa lake and submerge in the earth creating a wonderful waterfall and one of natural wonders of the valley.

Trekking and Rafting

Trekking:- For some, pokhara is the starting or ending point for trekking point for a trek into Annapurna region, one of the most popular trekking region of Nepal. Trekking can be done from one days visiting gurung villages, rhododendron forest and watching beautiful mountains. Being on the traditional trading route to Tibet it is very interesting to watch caravans of mules and tea houses of lodges available all the way long.
The popular treks in the region are Royal trek, President trek, Ghorepani trek, Ghandrung trek, siklis, Multipath/Jomson trek and Annapurna sanctuary. It is possible to circumamblate Annapurna range. It is the most popular and internationally appreciated trek. It passes up through the deepest valley in the world Jomson, natural wonders of Muktkinath and Tatopani. It is more than 300 km. It covers geographical and cultural varities.
Rafting
Many rafting trips are possible from Pokhara: they are the Kali Gandaki for 3 days. Marshyangdi for 5 days of Seti for 2 days and Trisali for 1 to 3 days.

About Pokhara

Pokhara:- Situated some 200 kilometers west of Kathmandu at an elevation of 3000 ft, pokhara is a natural gift of our country. It has a rare combination of the long arrays of snowed peaks, crystal clean lakes, panoramic Annapurna Himal and the worm climate, which remains favorable all the year round. A 2700 ft. Mt. Annapurna massif rises directly from the valley floor and seems close enough to touch. It has got the natural gifts like Phewa tal, Begnas tal, Rupa tal, Mahendra Cave, and other various places like KI Sing Bridge, Bindya Bashini temple, Museum, Devi's Falls, Buddhist temples, etc. Many adventure activities are organized from here like Paragliding, Pony treks, Mountain Flights trekking, rafting, etc.

Tourists popular Frequency

Tourists popular Frequency:-
Some of the popular tourists frequency visited by tourists are mentioned below:-
Tansen :- Tansen also popularly known as palpa ,is situated on the slope of shreenagar danda at an altitude of 1343 m. It is central Nepal's most popular summer resort on the way from pokhara to lumbini by Siddhartha Highway. The greatest attractions of this town are its ancient culture, friendly people, Bhagwating Temple and wood carving of Amar Narayan temple. The heart of the town hi a huge door called the baggi view from Srinagar and mountain views are spectacular. Towards the north there is an ultra-wide mountain panorama all the way from Mt. Dhaulagiri in the west to Mt. Gaurishanker in the east. On one side there is snow valley, the Churi hills and the terai. Water jugs known as " Karua" and special hand woven Dhaka are the most popular products from the town.

Mid Hilly Region

Mid Hilly Region:-
Immediately south of Himalayan extended from the east to the west of Nepal are attractive mountain and mountain hills. Deep valleys. Mighty rivers, impressive terraces, spectacular mountain views, breath taking scenic beauty of flora and fauna, etc have made this region the most beautiful and most amazing part of the world. This is the ultimate destination for the rafters and trekkers and adventure lovers. Here lies the unlimited resource of adventure tourism. Running parallel to the Himalaya is Mahabharat range, Tourism Potentialities which stands as tall as 2700 meters leaving deep valleys, creating effective natural barrier. Given its wide latitudinal difference, the vegetation found in this range goes from the subtropical in the low valley to the alpine in the higher reaches. The mighty rivers originated from Tibetan plateau fed by mighty Himalayas are flowing from the north to south. The mountain walls running from east west and rivers running from north to south cutting into deep valleys have created different geographical and biological zones.
The midland with average evaluation of above 600 m to 2500m covers about 45% land of the country. Most of the people are living in these valleys and have developed the culturally important. These people were controlling the Tibet trade and have developed many trading centers. The centers are the best example of craft and craftsmanship. This is the richest region of Nepal in terms of culture, art and craftsmanship. City people express their skill with the help of art and hilly people express their felling by terracing and by simplicity.

Tourism potentials

Tourism Potentialities:-
Tourism Potentialities in the Himalayan Region of Nepal can be classified as follows.
1. Expedition:- As Nepal has the concentration of the tallest mountains there are vast opportunities of organizing expeditions.
2. Mountaineering:- Mountains of Nepal are considered to be the most beautiful mountains .
3. Trekking:- Himalayas and mountains are not only to climb up, but playground be enjoyed from a distance.
4. Mountaineering School:- Being the best playground for the adventurer lovers, here lies the ground good potentials of operating adventure school.
5. Bird Watching:- Nepali mountains in Nepal are full of many interesting and rate birds such as Kalisz dragoman.
6. Pilgrimage Tour:- we all Asians respect these mountains and believe that the mountains are the dwelling places of our gods.
7. Culture Tour:- Many people like to travel to this region to witness the festivals and car monies of the mountain people.
8. Adventure Tour:- the geographical setting of Nepal has made possible to operate different adventure tours like Skilling, Para Gliding, Hang Gliding.
9. Nature Wonders:- mountains in Nepal are full of Nature wonders such as hot water springs, natural flames of Multipath , caves, etc.
10. National Parks Tour:- each parks set up in the Himalayan region of Nepal has especial character and are rich in flora and Fauna.

Himalayan Region

Himalayan Region:-
The northern part of the country is characterized by towering ice and snow ranges with occasional sparse valleys. This part is famous for its extreme altitude and wild terrain. It contains 8 out of 10 highest mountains of the world, including Mt. Everest. Here lies seven other peaks above 8,000 m: kangchandzonga, Lhotse, Makulu, chooyu, Dhaulagiri, Manaslu and Annapurna. This region includes 1300 peaks above 6,000. About 200 peaks of over 6000 m are confined to the Khumbu Himalayan Region.
Some of the most beautiful mountains, animals and plants are found here. Not only the highest Himalayan but also the most impressive mountains such as Amadablum, Pumori, Gaursnkar, Machepushhere, etc are in this region . In arround mountain are the most beautiful lakes. Some of them to be counted are Rara, Phoksundo, Gosaikunda, Panch pokhari. the Annapurna Himal is the lake at 5099 m. situated north of the Annapurna Himal is the lake situated at the highest elevation north of the world.
The Himalayan region has many natural wonders as hot water spring and normal flame of Mukti Nath. At the same time the legends of Himalays has popularized many religions places like gosaikunda, Dudh pokhari, Panch Pokhari, Mukti Nath, and many local shrines and religions places.

Evolutin of Himalayan

Evolution of Himalayan:-
Himalayan is the result of the continental collision. These tallest mountains are the youngest, longest, and most elevated landmass of this world.
About 200 to 300 million years ago a split happened on the southern continent which result bathe Indian continent towards northeast direction. Indian subcontinent has travelled 4,400 km at the rate of 8 – 10 inch per year. About 100 million years ago the Southern subcontinent touch the northern subcontinent of Tibetan Plateau and movement caused the ocean to completely disappear and Himalayans appeared. So the Himalayan is made of sedimentary rocks and oceanic origins. Only since 15 million years. Himalayans are higher than Tibetan Plateau.
The earth has three layers: Core, Crust and Mantle. The three layers must be in equilibrium in gravitational term. Since 40 million years earth is trying to maintain this equilibrium in this region and Tibetan Plateau and Himalayan have continued to rise up till now. The rate of edging of Indian subcontinent into Tibetan plateau is 5 cm per year.The rate of increment in the Himalayan is even faster than that is an annual rate of 8 to 9 mm. so seismographic ally this is most active on the earth.

Tourism potentials of Nepal

Natural and cultural Diversity:-

Nepal has been well accepeted ad of the most fascinbating countries in tyhe world.

Nepal has beem reted as the second ultimate destination, first being the New xealand..

A land locked Himalayan kingdom of Nepal with an area of 147181 aq. km. lies between two Asian giants, India and china. This a rectangle of 885 kilometers loong and in an averege of 160 kilometers from north to south. Nepal is a country of amaxing extremes. It is a small country peaks of earth to steaming jungle. insdpite of being a small lowland of teraio barely 65 m. above the sea level to the highest peak on the earth. Mt everest ay the 8848 m. within 150 km aerial distance.

Travel & Tourism.

Segmentation of Market:-

For the identification of the market segment of the total market is of the greatest importance effort should be can't effective and the same time it should be a sufficiently large scale to reach the desired level below which the marketing effort would be ineffective.

Further segmention will be nedded for practical purpose depending upon the type of business.

1. The Holiday turists.
2. The business Tourists.
3. Adventure Tourists.
4. The common Interest Tourists.
5. Age Group .
6. Tour Type .
7. Economy.
8. Nationality.
9. Type of tour.

Travel and Tourism

Concept of tourism Marketing:-

Three phases of the consumer market may be distinguished after the industrial stsrts. In the frist phase most demand was for consumer goods. During this time the demand of the manufactured goods was higher than the capacity of manufacturing industry. they were not able to fulfil bthe demand. A seconfd phase occures when the techniques of production have improved to the point that more goods were avilable in the market than there is demand as large unit.

Components of Tourism

Components of Tourism:-

Tourism is a phenomena of modern times. The joint effort of all indivisual organisation ivolved in the travel and stay of travellers is tourism. It arises due to the movement of people away from their normal palaces kof residence and it involves different organisations to facilities the movement and temporary stay at destination.

For the purpose of study the components of tourisim are grouped into four they are.

1. Attraction
2. Accessiblity
3. Accommodation
4. Amenities

Types of Attractions:-

Attraction come in many forms and made be either natural okr man made.

• Man made Attraction: The example of man made atrraction areHistorical sities and building, like jathmandu darbar,Tajmahal etc.
• natural Attraction: The example of natural attraction are flora and Funa, National Parks,lakes, rivers, water,Mountains etc.

Tourists

Tourists are temmporary visitors . They are the travellers and their purpose of travel is to get pleasur in their leisure.
Different types of definations of Tourists:-
The oxford Distionary defines as; "a person who does the act of tour" or Person travelling or visiting a place for recreation" and the word 'tour is defined as "Journey through a place kof interest". so the tourists is; a person who travel to different places of interests for reaction
In 1942 two Swiss professors Hunzir and Krapf defined as ;
"Tourists is a non resident and is not connected with any earning activity."
Yanjna Rai defines as
"visitors staying at least 24 hours, but not more than one year, in the country visited the purpose of whose trip can be classified under one of the following , sports;

• pleasure, recreation, holiday ,sport.
• Business, visiting friendss and relatives mission metting etc.

Travel & Tourism

Visitors:-

some definations of visitors

Cambridge International Dictionary defines as; "Visit is to a places in order to look at it to a person in order to spend time with them."

1996 "Annual Satistical Report", PATA defines visitors as;

"any person visiting a country other than in which he has his usual places of residenmce for any reason ather than following an occupation remunerated from within the country visited and remaining at least 24 hours."

International Union of Official Travel Organistions(IUOTO) defines as :

"any person coming to a country than his usual places of residence, for any reason other than to excersic a remunereated profession."

Yajna Raj Styal defines as; " Any person visiting a country other than that in which he has usual places of residence, for not more than the following an occuopation remunerated from within the country visited."

Visitors cover two caegories of travellers they are tourist and excirsionist.

Excursionst:- Excursionst are temporary visitors staying one day in the country or region visited without the night.

From the above discussions we can say that;

• A visitors should not stay more than one year in the country he visits.
• The country should be other than his usual place at work, residence and it should be a part of his proffession.
• He should not be invollved on earning activities.
• His purpose of visit should not lead to talking up permament residence.

Travel & Tourism

Travel & Touriusm

Visitors, Tourism and Excursionists:-

There are two distinct factors of motivation that creat the desire in people to travel. they are:-

1. Wanderlust.
2. Sunlust.

Wanderlust is described as the desire to exchange the known for the unknown. People's motive to travel is to go from familar environment to unfamiliar, to leave things, places to go and see different pl;aces, people and culture or architecture of the past. This leading force to travel is curiosity. This type of tour is related to cutural tour and is of the short term.

Sunlust lovers are the adventure travellers. Thier activites are condected out-door. They enjoysun and sand. They are mostly young tourists who prefer to take part in sport, trekking rafting mountaining, etc.

The motivation factors may be further elaborated as:

1. Phycisal Mitives.
2. Pleasure.
3. Relaxation, Rest and Receretion.
4. Health.
5. Participation in Sports.
6. Curiosity and Culture.
7. Ethnicity and Family.
8. Spiritual and Religious.
9. Status and Prestinge.
10. Professin of Business.
11. Participation in Events.
12. Business conventation.

Travel & tourism

Types of Tourism

One of the most spectacular growths the world economy attained in the 20 centuray was travel and tourism industry. During this period there developed different types of tourism. Some important types of tourism can be classified as below.

1. Mas tourism
2. village and Urban tourism
3. Domestic and Interanational Tourism.
4. Receptive and pasive Tourism.
5. Enthnic Tourism.
6. Cultural tourism.
7. Sdventure Tourism.
8. Convention tourism.
9. Historical Tourism.
10. eco Tourism.

Elements of Tourism:-

1. Attraction.
2. Sctivities.
3. Sccessibility.
4. Accommodation.
5. Amenities.
6. Affinity.
7. Actors.

travel & Tourism

Different Approaches of Tiourism

1. Tourism as a Human Experience:- Tourism is an activity that individuals usually enjoy. In order to understand tourism we must understand the psychology of tourists, their likes and dislikes. Tourists need different services and facilities. Service is provided by the people.
2. Tourism as a social Behaviour:- Tourism is the exchange of culture. In tourism, a person from one culture visits another culture. Although tiurism is a individual human experience.
3. Tourists is a Geographical Phenomena:- This is the relation between two places "Here and There" . Tourists is a person from "there" he doesnot belong "here" For tourism, a person must travel a certain distance from one's normal place of recidence.
4. Tourism as resource:- Many communities local governments and even central government prefer to difine tourism as a resource. Most comon saying is "a tourism bring money" For the governmr\ent, tourism management is related betwen revnue management.
5. Tourism as Business:- Under this approach tourism is realted as busines. This is the most popular approach among the busines men and to the people who work in the feild.

Detrmining Factors of Tourism

Travel always has ben a human phenomena. some determining factors of tourism are as follows

• Industrial Development
• Wealth of the society
• Development of Holiday
• Geographical situation
• Environment of the place thry visits
• High purchasing Capacity
• Economic stability Transportation Facilities
• Accesibility
• Political stability.

Travel and Tourism

Travel: To go from one place to another place especially over a long distance is called travel.

Travel Agency: A company that arranges travel and accommondation for people going on a holiday/vacatioin or journey.

Advantages: Travelling in the modern world has brought many shanges iin human life. Travelling does not only help to discover the hidden things, places in the world but it also gives pleasure, knowledge and see beautiul places and ine scenes. It broadens minds.

Travel points: Many tourists are trying to travel clean and net environment places and famous in the world. Some tourists like to travell snowcapped peaks, the green forests, the roaring mountains, the peaceul lakes and the artists temples etc.

Tourists: A person who travelling or visiting a place for pleasure ios called tourists.

Tourism: Tourism is the country's biggest orein currency raener. The business activity coonnested with providiny accommodation, services and enterainment for people who are visiting a place or pleasure.

Advantages: Tourists help the hotel industry. They like to stay in goos and well furnished hotels. Most of the tourists wan't to see the natural beauty so tourism help to earn foregin currency.